Common paediatric conditions

At Paediatric Specialist and Skin in Christchurch, New Zealand, we understand the concerns parents and general practitioners have regarding common paediatric conditions. We are dedicated to providing clear, accessible information and expert care for these conditions, with a special interest in paediatric dermatology and allergy.

Understanding key conditions

Here, you'll find essential information on some of the most common paediatric conditions we see, including what they are, how prevalent they are, their signs and symptoms, and when it's important to seek specialist help. Our approach is holistic, combining expertise in dermatology, allergy, developmental paediatrics, and general paediatrics.

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Childhood eczema is a common condition affecting many children in New Zealand, often beginning within the first year of life. Up to 1 in 5 children may be affected. It typically presents as dry, itchy, and inflamed skin, with symptoms that tend to fluctuate over time—settling and flaring at different stages. The appearance of eczema can vary depending on a child’s age, skin tone, and ethnicity.

Eczema is not contagious, but it can have a significant impact on a child’s comfort, sleep, and overall quality of life. It is frequently associated with other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. In New Zealand, factors such as climate, environmental allergens, and individual skin sensitivity can all contribute to triggering flare-ups.

With appropriate care, most cases of eczema can be well managed. Treatment focuses on supporting the skin barrier through regular moisturising, minimising exposure to triggers, and using anti-inflammatory treatments when required. Early and consistent management can help reduce flare-ups, minimise the risk of scarring, and promote healthy skin as your child grows.

Food allergy

Food allergy is increasingly common among children in New Zealand, affecting around 1 in 10 infants. It occurs when the immune system reacts to certain foods, most commonly cow’s milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, soy, fish, and shellfish. Reactions can vary from mild symptoms—such as hives, vomiting, or swelling—to more severe reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Food allergies often develop early in life and can have a significant impact on a child’s nutrition, safety, and family life. Many children will outgrow some food allergies, particularly to milk and egg, while others, such as peanut or tree nut allergy, may persist.

With the right support, food allergies can be safely managed. Specialist assessment is recommended for suspected food allergies to confirm diagnosis and manage risks including guidance on avoidance, recognising allergic reactions, and having an action plan in place. Early assessment and ongoing care can help families feel confident in managing their child’s allergy and maintaining a safe, balanced diet.

Acne

Acne is a very common skin condition affecting children and teenagers, particularly during puberty. Studies suggest that up to 85% of people experience acne at some stage in their lives. It develops when hair follicles become blocked with oil and dead skin cells, leading to blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed lesions such as pimples or cysts. Acne most commonly affects the face, chest, and back, and can range from mild to more persistent or severe forms.

Acne is not contagious and is not caused by poor hygiene. While it is not medically harmful, it can have a significant impact on a young person’s confidence and emotional wellbeing. Hormonal changes, genetic factors, and certain skincare or cosmetic products can all contribute to its development.

The good news is that acne is highly treatable. Early and appropriate management can help control breakouts, reduce the risk of scarring, and support long-term skin health. Treatment may include gentle skincare, topical therapies, and, in some cases, oral medications, depending on severity. With the right approach, most young people experience significant improvement over time.

Infantile haemangioma (strawberry mark)

Infantile haemangiomas are common benign (non-cancerous) birthmarks made up of small blood vessels. They affect around 4–5% of infants and are more commonly seen in girls, premature babies, and those with low birth weight. These marks are often not obvious at birth but typically appear within the first few weeks of life. Signs are typically a raised, red, soft lump, often called a "strawberry mark."

Infantile haemangiomas follow a characteristic natural course. They usually grow rapidly during the first 6 - 9 months of life (proliferative phase), before gradually slowing and then shrinking over time (involution phase). Most will significantly fade by school age, although some may leave behind residual skin changes such as loose skin or faint marks.

Treatment may be recommended if the haemangioma is large, growing rapidly, affecting important areas (such as around the eyes, nose, airway, genital), or causing complications such as ulceration. Options may include topical or oral medications, which are effective in reducing growth and improving appearance. Early assessment helps identify which haemangiomas may benefit from treatment and ensures the best possible outcome.

Constipation

Childhood constipation is a common condition, affecting up to 1 in 3 children at some stage. It occurs when bowel movements become infrequent, hard, or difficult to pass, and may sometimes be associated with abdominal pain, reduced appetite, or stool withholding behaviours. Anal fissure can be a painful complication from constipation. 

Constipation often develops during key stages such as the introduction of solid foods, toilet training, or starting school. In most cases, it is functional (not due to an underlying disease) and can be influenced by diet, fluid intake, toileting habits, and a child’s sensitivity to discomfort.

With the right approach, constipation can be effectively managed. Treatment focuses on softening the stool, establishing regular toileting routines, and addressing any withholding behaviours. This may include dietary changes (increasing fibre and fluids), behavioural strategies, and commonly the use of stool softeners or laxatives for a period of time. Early and consistent management is important to prevent ongoing discomfort and help restore healthy bowel habits.

Expert care for your child's health

At Paediatric Specialist and Skin, we are dedicated to providing expert, compassionate care for the common and complex paediatric conditions affecting children in Christchurch, New Zealand. We are here to support both parents and GPs.